Internet

 

Internet stands for international Network.

Internet is a worldwide network of computers that allow public to share the information globally. Internet was developed by Vinton Cerf & Robert E. Kahn. TCP/IP is the backbone of internet.

 

Internet Standard Organization

There are many organizations that are responsible for smooth operation of internet such as ISOC (Internet Society)

(1)   IAB (Internet Architecture Board)

(2)   ITEF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

(3)   IESG (Internet Engineering steering Group)

 

World's First Operational Network

APPANET (Advance Research Project Agency Network) was the first network developed by US department of defence for military purpose.

 

WWW (World Wide Web)

It was developed by Tim Berners Lee in 1989.

It is a vast collection of information of Hyperlink Hypertext document called webpage. Difference between Homepage,Webpage and Website.

Homepage

It is the first page or default page of every website.

Webpage

It is a collection of information such as text, image, audio and video.

Website

It is a collection of webpage. Backbone of WWW is HTTP. Hyperlink and Hypertext

Hyperlink : It is a link i.e. used to navigate from one webpage to another page.

Hypertext : It is the text which contain hyperlink.

 

Web pages are written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). HTML is a scripting Language that written in Notepad and Notepad is a text editor.

File extension of HTML is .HTML/.htm

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)

It is the main international standard organisation for www.

 

Internet Equipment’s

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

ISP is a company that provide internet services to the public such as MTNL, BSNL, Airtel, Idea etc.

Internet Services was launched by VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) for the first time in India.

First Private Internet Service Provider : Satyam infoway MTNL (Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited)

BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited)

 

Browser

It is a software that allow the user to access the information on www. First Browser was World Wide Web and Later it renamed by Nexus. First Graphical Web Browser : MOSAIC

First Web Browser from India: EPIC Successful Browser : Netscape Navigator

Some other Browser that we are using IE (Internet Explorer), MS Edge, Safari, Opera, Google chrome, MozillaFirefox, UC Browser etc.

 

MODEM

Modem stands for Modulation/Demodulation i.e. used to convert Analog Signal to Digital Signal and Digital Signal to analog signal.

Modem is require for connect to the internet through telephone line. Modem provide a link between ISP and Browser

First commercial modem made for converting digital computer data to analog signal by AT&T- DATAPHONE.

Internet Access Method  Dialup Connection

This connection use PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) to establish a connection by dialing a number on telephone line to the ISP. It was very Slowest Internet Connection. Speed of this network provides 56 kbps or lower than 56 kbps (Kilo bits per second).

ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)

This connection provides faster speed and better quality than dialup connection. Speed of this network provides 64 kbps-128 kbps.

Leased Line

Leased Line is a dedicated fixed bandwidth and symmetric data connection. This connection are used by business group to connect large geographically distant offices.

DSL(Digital Subscriber Line)

Broadband connection use DSL for High bandwidth connection. DSL connection are:

·         SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

·         ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

·         R-ADSL (Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line)

·         VDSL (Very High bit rate DSL)

Wireless Internet Access

It connect devices like Laptop, Mobile Phone, tablet wirelessly without physical connection.

Mobile Network

Mobile or cellular technology used different generation for connect with internet such as 1G/2G/3G/4G (LTE-Long Term Evolution).

 

Search Engine

Search Engine is a website that allow you to search address of desired information from www. First search engine was created by Alan Emtage -ARCHIE

Top most popular search engine:

Google, Bing, Yahoo, Ask.com, AOL.com, Baidu, DuckDuckGo, Chacha.com Some other search engine are:

Rediff, MSN, AltaVista, Meta, Deltasarch, Lycos

 

Domain Name

Domain Name used in URL (Uniform Resource Locator) to identify particular website. Domain name provide an easy way to remember internet address.

DNS (Domain Name System)- DNS is used to convert domain name into IP address.

Types of Domain

.com    Commercial Purpose

.org      Organization

.gov     government

.mil      Military

.ac        Academic

.net      Network

.biz      Business

.pro      Professional

.nic      National Informatics Centre

.info     Information

.co.in Corporate in India.

Country Domain

.in        India

.pk       Pakistan

.cn       China

.uk       United Kingdom

.au       Australia

.ca        Canada

.jp        Japan

 

URL(Uniform Resource Locator)

It is a way to locate the resource of file or document on internet. URL define the address of file on internet has unique address.

URL contain various parts https//www.google.com

Https - Hypertext transfer protocol secure www-Indicate of any website on internet google - Name of website

.com - Types of domain goole.com - Domain Name

 

E-Mail (Electronic Mail)

Email services allow to user so that they can stand text, images and audio to another user in any place of world. It is used for writinga letter.

Inventor of Email - VA Shiva Ayyadurai

First email was written by Ray Tomlinson and he also given the concept of @ symbol i.e. part of email.

Email Based on "Store & Forward Model.

 

Message envelope (To, cc, Bcc)

To : Main Receiver of Email (Response Expected)

CC: Carbon Copy (Where writer inform publically about the message, “cc” field can see everyone's email address under “To” field but cannot see the address of “Bcc” field.

Bcc : Build Carbon Copy (for hiding the particular person's address)

Netiquette

Net+attequite (A set of guidelines that should be followed for sending email).

 

Components of EMAIL

Compose email: When we create a new email.

Inbox:     Where email message have received successfully Draft: Email which are saved automatically for future.

Outbox: Email which we have sent but failed. Sent:               Email which have sent successfully.

Spam:    Unwanted email, Junk email, Malicious email or Unsolicited email Trash:               Deleted email goes to the trash.

Starred: Email which are labelled with a Yellow star for easily find them later. Achieve: Email can be accessed quickly at a later date

 

Cookies

Cookies are browsing information which you have visited before and these information stored in browser's catch memory.

Bookmark

Bookmark is a URL or saved Link i.e. stored for later retrieval easily.

Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing work as a portable storage. Cloud Computing is used for sharing the data and accessing the resources over the internet instead of computer's memory such as Hard disk drive, Pen Drive, CD, DVD etc. We can use the cloud computing on own demand.

Example: Office online, Google Drive, Dropbox etc.