clasification of computer(in english)...

Based on Size 

On the basis of size, computer are categorise as follows

 1.Microcomputer 

Microcomputers are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest growing type of computers and are also called portable computers. Microcomputer consists of three basic categories of physical equipment i.e system unit, input/output and memory. Some types of microcomputer are Desktop Computer or Personal Computer (PC) These are small, relatively inexpensive computers. These are based on the microprocessor technology (Integrated Circuit). Notebook Notebook computers, also known as ultra book or laptop, are portable lightweight and fit into most briefcases. They include rechargeable battery, so these can work anywhere. Laptops were developed by Alan Kay. 

Handheld Computers or Palmtops These are the smallest and are designed to fit into the palm. So, these are also known as Palmtop/PDA. They are practical for certain functions such as phone books and calendars. They use the pen for input instead of keyboard. 

Tablet Computer They have key features of the notebook computer, but it can accept input from a pen instead of the keyboard or mouse. 

Smart Phones Smart phones are cellular phone that function both as a phone and as a smal They may use a pen or mayhave a s keyboard. They can be connected to the int wirelessly. Apple,Blackberry, Nokia are som manufacturers of smart phones.

 

2. Mainframe Computer

 Mainframe computers are those having large internal memory storage and comprehensive range of software. Mainframe computer serves as a backbone for the entire business world. It is considered as the heart of a network of computers or terminals that allows a large number of people to work at the same time. Mainframe computers are IBM-370, IBM-S/390, UNIVAC-1110. 

3. Minicomputer 

Minicomputers are smaller in size, faster, cost lower than mainframe computers. Initially, the minicomputer was designed to carry out some specific tasks, like engineering and Computer Aided Design (CAD) calculations. But now, they are being used as central computer which is called as Server. Mini computers are IBM-17, DEC PDP-11, HP-9000, etc.

4.Supercomputer

Supercomputers are the fastest and the most expensive machines. They have high processing speed compared to other computers. The speed of supercomputers are measured in FLOPS (Floating Point Operations Per Second). 

Supercomputers are used for highly calculationintensive tasks, such as weather foresting, nuclear research, military agencies and scientific research laboratories. 

Supercomputers are most powerful, large in size and memory, compared to all other computers

Based on Working of System 

On the basis of work, computers are categorised as follows

1. Analog Computer

Analog computers are the job-oriented computers. They carry out arithmetic and logical operations by manipulating and processing of data. 6.g., speedometers, seismograph, etc.

Analog computer can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses continuous variables for mathematical operations and utilises mechanical or electrical energy.

2. Digital Computer 

Digital computers work by calculating the binary digits. A digital computer, not only performs mathematical problems, but also combines the bytes to produce desired graphics, sounds. e.g., desktop (PC). 

3. Hybrid Computer 

Hybrid computers are the combination of analog and digital computers. Machines used in hospitals like ECG and DIALYSIS are the commonly used hybrid computers.

Based on Purpose

 On the basis of purpose, computers are categorised as follows

1.GeneralPurpose Computer

General purpose computers are those computers, which are used to solve variety of problems by changing the program or instructions. e.g., to make small database calculations, accounting, etc.

2. Special Purpose Computer

 Special purpose computers are those computers which are used to solve a single and dedicated type of problem. e.g., automatic aircraft landing, multimedia computer, etc.

Features of Computer  

The key features of computer are 

1. Speed The computer can process data very fast at the rate of millions ofinstructions per second.

2. Accuracy Computers provide a high degree of accuracy. They respond to the user as per the input instructions. 

3. Storage Capacity Computers are capable to store huge amount of data which depends on the capacity of hard disk.

 

            4. Versatility Computers can do different types of work simultaneously. They can      perform multiple tasks at a same time. 

          5. Plug and Play Computers has theability to automatically configure a new hardware and software component

 6. Diligency Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, lack of . concentration etc and can work for hours without creating any errors.

  7. Secrecy Leakage of information is reduced by creating login system with password protection e.g., ATM counter, E-mail etc.

Applications of Computer

 Now-a-days computers have been employed in almost all the aspects of professional and personal life. 

Some of the areas where computers are being used are  Education Computers have proved to be excellent teachers. Educational institutes are using computers in many ways like tele-education, virtual classroom, online classes, etc. 

Science Scientists have long been users of it. A new adventure among scientists is the idea of a collaboratory, an internet based collaborative laboratory, in which researchers all over the world can work easily together even at a distance.

 Industry Computers are used here to control manufacturing system and continuous running of the machinery

Parameters like temperature, pressure, volume are monitored and controlled by computers. Robotics, developed with the help of computers plays a very crucial role here.

Recreation and Entertainment Our entertainment and pleasure-time have also been affected by computerisation. 

Government Various departments of the Government use computer for their planning, control and law enforcement activities. 

Health Computer plays a very crucial role in this area. Activities like scanning, X-ray, tele-medicine, patient monitoring, patient records, diagnosis, etc are performed with the help of computers. 

Multimedia Multimedia is the field concerned with the computer controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, animation, audio and any other media where each type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally

Banks Computers can be used in the banks to keep the records of customer's accounts.